NEET 2027- BIOLOGY
About Course
NEET 2027 Biology by CaLeo Academy is a comprehensive preparation course designed to build strong conceptual understanding, accurate recall, and exam-ready problem-solving skills across the complete NEET Biology syllabus.
The course systematically covers Botany and Zoology, including cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, plant physiology, human physiology, reproduction, ecology, evolution, biotechnology, diversity of living organisms, and other syllabus-aligned areas. Topics are organised chapter-wise and lesson-wise so students can progress from fundamental concepts to application-based and higher-yield NEET preparation.
Each section is supported by structured explanations, revision material, important facts, diagrams and concept summaries, practice questions, chapter assessments, high-yield content, and exam-oriented question banks. Special attention is given to frequently tested concepts, common misconceptions, and previous-year-concept patterns relevant to NEET.
This course is suitable for students preparing for NEET UG 2027, including Class 11 and 12 students, repeaters, and learners who want a structured Biology revision program.
Key focus:
NCERT-aligned concepts • Botany • Zoology • High-yield revision • Concept practice • MCQs • Previous Year Concepts • Chapter tests • Full-syllabus preparation
What Will You Learn?
- Build strong conceptual foundations in Biology.
- Understand and apply important formulas, principles, reactions and biological concepts.
- Solve NEET-oriented numerical and conceptual questions systematically.
- Identify high-yield topics and frequently tested concepts.
- Improve accuracy through chapter-wise and cumulative MCQ practice.
- Revise efficiently using concise notes, formula sheets, fact tables and summaries.
- Learn from detailed explanations of questions and common mistakes.
- Develop time-management and examination-solving strategies.
- Assess preparation through subject tests and full-syllabus mock examinations.
- Progress from detailed learning to rapid final revision for NEET UG 2027.
Course Content
Unit 1 — Diversity in Living World
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 1. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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1.1 What Is Living?
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1.2 Biodiversity and Need for Classification
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1.3 Taxonomy and Systematics
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1.4 Species and Taxonomic Hierarchy
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1.5 Binomial Nomenclature
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1.6 Five-Kingdom Classification
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1.7 Kingdom Monera
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1.8 Kingdom Protista
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1.9 Kingdom Fungi
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1.10 Lichens
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1.11 Viruses and Viroids
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1.12 Algae: Green, Brown and Red
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1.13 Bryophytes
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1.14 Pteridophytes
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1.15 Gymnosperms
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1.16 Principles of Animal Classification
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1.17 Porifera, Cnidaria and Ctenophora
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1.18 Platyhelminthes and Aschelminthes
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1.19 Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca
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1.20 Echinodermata and Hemichordata
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1.21 Chordata
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1.22 Major Vertebrate Classes
Unit 2 — Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 2. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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2.1 Root Morphology and Root Systems
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2.2 Root Modifications
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2.3 Stem Morphology and Modifications
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2.4 Leaf Morphology, Venation and Phyllotaxy
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2.5 Leaf Modifications
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2.6 Racemose and Cymose Inflorescences
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2.7 Flower Morphology and Floral Terminology
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2.8 Aestivation and Placentation
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2.9 Fruit Development
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2.10 Dicot and Monocot Seeds
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2.11 Fabaceae / Leguminosae Diagnostic Features
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2.12 Prescribed Plant Families: Malvaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Poaceae
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2.13 Meristematic Tissues
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2.14 Simple Permanent Tissues
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2.15 Xylem and Phloem
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2.16 Plant Tissue Systems
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2.17 Dicot and Monocot Root Anatomy
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2.18 Dicot and Monocot Stem Anatomy
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2.19 Dorsiventral and Isobilateral Leaf Anatomy
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2.20 Epithelial and Connective Tissues
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2.21 Muscular and Neural Tissues
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2.22 Frog External Morphology
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2.23 Frog Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory and Excretory Systems
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2.24 Frog Nervous, Sensory and Reproductive Systems
Unit 3 — Cell Structure and Function
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 3. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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3.1 Cell Theory and the Cell as Basic Unit
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3.2 Prokaryotic Cell Organisation
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3.3 Bacterial Flagella, Pili and Fimbriae
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3.4 Plant and Animal Eukaryotic Cells
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3.5 Plasma Membrane and Fluid Mosaic Model
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3.6 Membrane Transport
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3.7 Cell Wall, Middle Lamella and Plasmodesmata
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3.8 Endoplasmic Reticulum
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3.9 Golgi Apparatus
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3.10 Lysosomes and Vacuoles
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3.11 Mitochondria
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3.12 Plastids and Chloroplast Structure
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3.13 Ribosomes: 70S and 80S
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3.14 Microbodies and Peroxisomes
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3.15 Cytoskeleton
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3.16 Cilia and Flagella: 9+2 Axoneme
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3.17 Centrosome and Centrioles
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3.18 Nucleus, Nucleolus and Chromatin
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3.19 Biomolecules and Metabolites
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3.20 Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids
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3.21 Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
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3.22 Enzymes
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3.23 Cell Cycle and Mitosis
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3.24 Meiosis
Unit 4 — Plant Physiology
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 4. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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4.1 Photosynthesis Overview
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4.2 Photosynthetic Pigments
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4.3 The Light Reaction
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4.4 Photosystem II and Photosystem I
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4.5 Photolysis of Water
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4.6 Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
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4.7 Cyclic Photophosphorylation
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4.8 Chemiosmotic ATP Synthesis in Chloroplasts
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4.9 Calvin Cycle (C3 Pathway)
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4.10 Photorespiration
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4.11 C4 Pathway and Kranz Anatomy
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4.12 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
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4.13 Cellular Respiration Overview
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4.14 Glycolysis
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4.15 Fermentation
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4.16 Pyruvate Oxidation and TCA Cycle
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4.17 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
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4.18 Respiratory Balance Sheet
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4.19 Respiratory Quotient
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4.20 The Amphibolic Nature of Respiration
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4.21 Seed Germination and Plant Growth: Phases and Rates
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4.22 Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Plasticity
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4.23 Auxins, Gibberellins and Cytokinins
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4.24 Ethylene and Abscisic Acid
Unit 5 — Human Physiology
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 5. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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5.1 Human Respiratory Pathway and Alveoli
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5.2 Mechanism of Breathing
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5.3 Respiratory Volumes and Capacities
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5.4 Gas Exchange and Transport of O₂ and CO₂
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5.5 Regulation of Respiration and Respiratory Disorders
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5.6 Blood: Plasma and Formed Elements
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5.7 ABO and Rh Blood Groups
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5.8 Blood Coagulation and Lymph
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5.9 Heart Chambers, Valves and Blood Vessels
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5.10 Cardiac Cycle, Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output
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5.11 ECG and Double Circulation
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5.12 Cardiac Regulation and Circulatory Disorders
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5.13 Modes of Nitrogenous Excretion
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5.14 Human Excretory System and Nephron
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5.15 Urine Formation: Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion
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5.16 Counter-Current Mechanism and Osmoregulation
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5.17 Renal Failure, Dialysis and Excretory Disorders
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5.18 Types of Movement
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5.19 Skeletal Muscle and Sarcomere
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5.20 Sliding-Filament Mechanism of Contraction
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5.21 Skeletal System and Joints
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5.22 Musculoskeletal Disorders
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5.23 Neural Control and Coordination: Nervous System, Nerve Impulse and Synapse
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5.24 Endocrine Glands, Hormones and Disorders
Unit 6 — Reproduction
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 6. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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6.1 Flower as a Reproductive Organ
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6.2 Microsporangium and Anther Structure
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6.3 Microsporogenesis
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6.4 Pollen Grain and Male Gametophyte
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6.5 Ovule and Megasporangium Structure
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6.6 Megasporogenesis and Embryo-Sac Formation
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6.7 Autogamy, Geitonogamy and Xenogamy
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6.8 Pollinating Agents and Floral Adaptations
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6.9 Outbreeding Devices
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6.10 Pollen–Pistil Interaction and Artificial Hybridisation
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6.11 Double Fertilisation
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6.12 Post-Fertilisation: Endosperm, Embryo, Seed and Fruit
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6.13 Apomixis, Parthenocarpy and Polyembryony
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6.14 Male Reproductive System
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6.15 Female Reproductive System
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6.16 Spermatogenesis and Hormonal Control
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6.17 Oogenesis and Follicular Development
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6.18 Menstrual Cycle
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6.19 Fertilisation, Cleavage and Blastocyst Formation
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6.20 Implantation, Placenta and Pregnancy Hormones
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6.21 Parturition and Lactation
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6.22 Reproductive Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections
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6.23 Contraception, MTP and Amniocentesis
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6.24 Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT)
Unit 7 — Genetics and Evolution
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 7. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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7.1 Mendelian Inheritance and Segregation
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7.2 Dihybrid Cross and Independent Assortment
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7.3 Incomplete Dominance and Codominance
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7.4 Multiple Alleles, ABO, Pleiotropy and Polygenic Traits
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7.5 Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
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7.6 Linkage, Crossing Over and Recombination
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7.7 Sex Determination Systems
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7.8 X-Linked Inheritance
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7.9 Mendelian Disorders and Pedigree Logic
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7.10 Chromosomal Disorders
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7.11 Griffith’s Transformation Experiment
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7.12 Avery–MacLeod–McCarty: DNA as the Transforming Principle
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7.13 Hershey–Chase Experiment: DNA Enters the Bacterial Cell
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7.14 Why DNA Is Usually the Genetic Material — and When RNA Is
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7.15 Nucleotides, Polynucleotide Chains and 5′/3′ Polarity
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7.16 Watson–Crick DNA Double Helix and Complementary Base Pairing
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7.17 RNA Structure and the Roles of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
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7.18 DNA Packaging: Nucleoid, Histones and Nucleosomes
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7.19 Semiconservative Replication and the Meselson–Stahl Evidence
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7.20 DNA Replication: Directionality, Leading and Lagging Strands
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7.21 Central Dogma and Reverse Transcription
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7.22 Transcription Unit, Template Strand and Coding Strand
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7.23 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Transcription — RNA Processing
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7.24 Genetic Code: Triplets, Degeneracy, Start and Stop Codons
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7.25 tRNA: Adaptor Function and Amino-Acid Charging
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7.26 Translation: Initiation, Elongation and Termination
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7.27 Lac Operon: Inducible Regulation of Gene Expression
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7.28 Human Genome Project: Goals, Strategy and Interpreting Genome Facts
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7.29 DNA Fingerprinting: Polymorphism and VNTR-Based Principle
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7.30 Origin of Life and Evidence for Evolution
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7.31 Darwin and Natural Selection
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7.32 Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution
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7.33 Gene Flow and Genetic Drift
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7.34 Hardy–Weinberg Principle
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7.35 Adaptive Radiation and Human Evolution
Unit 8 — Biology and Human Welfare
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 8. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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8.1 Health, Disease and Pathogens
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8.2 Typhoid, Pneumonia and Common Cold
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8.3 Malaria and the Plasmodium Life Cycle
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8.4 Amoebiasis, Ascariasis, Filariasis and Ringworm
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8.5 Dengue and Chikungunya
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8.6 Innate Immunity and Its Barriers
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8.7 Acquired Immunity: Humoral and Cell-Mediated
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8.8 Antibodies, Immune Memory and Vaccination
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8.9 Allergy and Immune Dysregulation
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8.10 HIV and AIDS
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8.11 Cancer: Transformation, Metastasis and Control
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8.12 Drug, Alcohol and Tobacco Abuse
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8.13 Microbes in Household Food Processing
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8.14 Industrial Fermentation
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8.15 Antibiotics and Microbial Industrial Products
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8.16 Bioactive Molecules from Microbes
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8.17 Sewage Treatment, Flocs and BOD
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8.18 Biogas and Methanogens
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8.19 Microbial Biocontrol Agents
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8.20 Biofertilisers
Unit 9 — Biotechnology and Its Applications
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 9. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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9.1 Principles of Modern Biotechnology
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9.2 Restriction Enzymes and Palindromic DNA
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9.3 DNA Ligase and Polymerases in Recombinant DNA
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9.4 Essential Features of Cloning Vectors
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9.5 pBR322 and Insertional Inactivation
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9.6 Competent Cells and DNA Delivery
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9.7 Isolation and Purification of DNA
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9.8 PCR: Amplifying a DNA Segment
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9.9 Gel Electrophoresis and DNA Recovery
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9.10 Recombinant DNA Workflow
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9.11 Bioreactors and Process Control
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9.12 Downstream Processing
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9.13 Recombinant Human Insulin and Vaccine Production
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9.14 Gene Therapy and ADA Deficiency
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9.15 Molecular Diagnosis: PCR and ELISA
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9.16 Bt Crops and Cry Proteins
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9.17 RNA Interference and Gene Silencing
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9.18 Transgenic Animals
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9.19 Biosafety and Regulation of GM Organisms
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9.20 Patents, Traditional Knowledge and Biopiracy
Unit 10 — Ecology and Environment
Official NEET UG 2026 Biology Unit 10. CaLeo Academy NEET UG 2027 course.
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10.4 Age Distribution and Age Pyramids
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10.5 Mutualism
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10.6 Competition and Resource Partitioning
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10.7 Predation
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10.8 Parasitism
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10.9 Ecosystem Structure and Components
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10.10 Primary Productivity: GPP and NPP
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10.11 Decomposition
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10.12 Energy Flow and Food Chains
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10.13 Ecological Pyramids
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10.14 Levels of Biodiversity
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10.15 Patterns of Biodiversity
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10.16 Why Biodiversity Matters
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10.17 Loss of Biodiversity
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10.18 Extinction, Endangerment and Red Data Records
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10.19 Biodiversity Hotspots and Conservation Strategies
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10.20 Protected Areas and Sacred Groves
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10.1 Organisms and Their Environment
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10.2 Population Attributes
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10.3 Exponential and Logistic Population Growth
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